Edinburgh Castle is a historic fortress that once housed the Scottish monarchy and now serves as a museum. It sits atop Castle Rock, a volcanic crag, offering a panoramic view of Edinburgh. Human activity on Castle Rock dates back 3,000 years, with a Celtic tribe, the Votadini, establishing a fort by 600 CE. Malcolm III Canmore, the first Scottish monarch known to reside here, reigned from 1058 to 1093. His wife, Queen Margaret, who died at the castle and was later canonized, is honored in St. Margaret’s Chapel, the castle’s oldest surviving structure, built between 1130 and 1140.
The castle played a key role during the Wars of Independence (1296-1341), changing hands between the Scots and the English. David’s Tower, built in honor of King David II, and the colossal cannon Mons Meg, installed in 1457, are notable features. The Great Hall, completed in 1511, hosted grand events, and James VI, born in 1566, would later unite the crowns of Scotland and England. The castle’s defenses were reinforced after a 1571–73 siege. The Honours of Scotland, the nation’s crown jewels, and the Stone of Scone, used in royal coronations, are among its treasures today, alongside the famous One O’Clock Gun tradition.
Noteworthy Attractions
Fight for the Castle Exhibition
The Fight for the Castle exhibition vividly brings to life Edinburgh Castle’s role during the Wars of Independence, a period when the fortress changed hands multiple times between the English and Scots. The exhibition includes animated episodes, projections, and displays of medieval objects, offering a comprehensive look at this turbulent era.
The Great Hall
Completed in 1511, the Great Hall of Edinburgh Castle is a marvel of medieval architecture, featuring a remarkable wooden roof supported by beams resting on intricately carved stones. It was once the site of grand banquets and state events, though King James IV, its builder, barely got to enjoy it as he was killed in the Battle of Flodden in 1513. The Great Hall later served as a barracks and a military hospital before being restored to its medieval grandeur. Today, it displays an array of weapons and armor, including the feared Lochaber axe.
The Royal Palace
The Royal Palace housed Scotland’s kings and queens, with significant events in the country’s history occurring within its walls. Mary, Queen of Scots, gave birth to James VI here in 1566, and King Charles I was the last monarch to stay in the palace in 1633. Today, visitors can view the birthing room and other royal apartments, where the echoes of Scotland’s royal history still resonate.
Honours of Scotland
The Honours of Scotland, the oldest Crown jewels in Britain, are displayed in the Crown Room. Made of gold, silver, and precious gems, these items include a crown made for James V in 1540, a sceptre with uncertain origins, and a sword of state. Hidden during Oliver Cromwell’s invasion, these treasures were rediscovered in 1818 by novelist Sir Walter Scott.
St. Margaret’s Chapel
This serene chapel, the oldest surviving building in Edinburgh Castle, was built around 1130 by King David I in honor of his mother, Queen Margaret, who was canonized for her acts of charity. Used as a gunpowder store in the 1500s, the chapel was rediscovered in the 19th century and has since been restored. Today, it hosts weddings and christenings and is adorned with fresh flowers maintained by St. Margaret’s Chapel Guild.
Mons Meg
Mons Meg, a six-ton cannon gifted to King James II in 1457, was once cutting-edge military technology, capable of firing a 150 kg stone projectile over two miles. Although retired from battle around 1550, the cannon remains a popular attraction at the castle.
The One O’Clock Gun
A tradition dating back to 1861, the One O’Clock Gun is fired daily (except Sundays and certain holidays) as a time signal for ships. The gun is a 105 mm field gun, replacing the original 64-pounder, and continues to draw crowds eager to witness this daily spectacle.
Half Moon Battery
The Half Moon Battery, built atop the ruins of David’s Tower, once allowed cannons to defend the castle from approaching enemies. It offers an excellent vantage point for views over Edinburgh and beyond.
National War Museum
Located in the former Ordnance Storehouse, the National War Museum features an extensive collection of items from Scotland’s military history, including letters, uniforms, and weapons. It opened in 1933 and is now managed by National Museums Scotland.
Prisons of War
Beneath Crown Square, the vaults of Edinburgh Castle once held prisoners of war, including sailors from many nations and even American revolutionaries. The vaults, now a museum, offer a glimpse into the harsh conditions endured by prisoners in the 1700s and 1800s.
National War Memorial
The National War Memorial, located in the former North Barracks, commemorates the Scots who lost their lives in the world wars and other conflicts. The memorial, opened in 1927, features stained glass and sculptures symbolizing key themes of war and peace.
Regimental Museums
Two regimental museums, The Royal Scots Museum and The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards Museum, celebrate Scotland’s military history, including the Scots Greys’ famous capture of a French eagle at the Battle of Waterloo.
Edinburgh Castle remains a symbol of Scotland’s rich history and cultural heritage, offering visitors a glimpse into the country’s royal past, military history, and architectural splendor.
Ticket Prices and Visitor Information
Edinburgh Castle offers various ticket options depending on the visitor’s age and group size. Below are the current prices:
Adult (16-64 years): £19.50 (online) / £22.00 (walk-up)
Concession (65+ years): £15.50 (online) / £17.60 (walk-up)
Child (7-15 years): £11.40 (online) / £13.20 (walk-up)
Family (1 adult, 2 children): £38.50 (online) / £43.50 (walk-up)
Family (2 adults, 2 children): £56.00 (online) / £63.50 (walk-up)
Family (2 adults, 3 children): £66.50 (online) / £75.00 (walk-up)
Children under 16 must be accompanied by an adult. Concession prices are available for those aged 65 or older or individuals who are unemployed, though students are not eligible for this discount.
Edinburgh Castle offers a wealth of historical, cultural, and military experiences, making it an essential stop for anyone interested in Scotland’s storied past. Whether you’re drawn by the dramatic history of the Wars of Independence, the royal intrigue of Mary Queen of Scots, or the powerful military legacy, the castle remains a powerful symbol of Scotland’s enduring spirit.